Are there health risks associated with sauna bathing?
Written by
Leilani Ibeh
Reviewed by
Prof. Benjamin Murphy, Ph.D.Sauna bathing poses potential health risks, so it is essential to be aware of these risks and take precautions. Dehydration is the most common concern, as considerable fluid loss may occur during treatment. If you experience hypotension, your blood pressure may drop to dangerous levels. Uncontrollable hypertension and certain other medical conditions also represent serious hazards. Awareness of these dangers assists in the implementation of effective safety measures.
Cardiovascular Risks
- Hypotension danger: Sudden blood pressure drops causing dizziness
- Hypertension hazard: Uncontrolled cases risk stroke or cardiac events
- Heart condition protocol: Avoid without cardiologist approval
- Monitoring solution: Check BP before and after sessions
Fluid/Electrolyte Imbalance
- Dehydration risk: Up to 1 liter fluid loss per session
- Electrolyte depletion: Sodium/potassium deficiency causing cramps
- Hydration protocol: 17oz water pre/post + electrolytes during
- Urine monitoring: Maintain pale yellow color as indicator
Special Population Concerns
- Pregnancy restriction: Fetal overheating risks
- Elderly considerations: Reduced heat tolerance
- Medication interactions: Diuretics and blood pressure drugs
- Pediatric avoidance: Under 12 years not recommended
Heat exhaustion occurs from undue exposure, specifically in high-temperature saunas. The core temperature increases past dangerous limits, rendering thermoregulation impossible. Symptoms include nausea, headache, and possible confusion necessitating immediate exit. Timers are recommended for regular use, as heat can distort time perception. Gradually cooling down from the sauna prevents sudden shocks to the system.
Variations in blood pressure can be extremely dangerous for those who are most susceptible to such fluctuations. Individuals with hypotension risk falls in pressure, while hypertensive users risk sudden pressure increases. I would recommend measuring blood pressure before entering and waiting 15 minutes after. Possible drug interactions, such as the use of diuretics, intensify these risks, necessitating physician attention.
Sauna usage is contraindicated in pregnant people due to the danger of fetal overheating or fetal temperature rises. Studies have shown core temperatures exceeding 39°C (102°F) may cause developmental problems. Older people are more vulnerable to dehydration, requiring shorter sauna sessions. Health and medical advice should always take precedence over recommendations for the general population when there are health concerns.
Taking precautions can make sauna use safe for most people. Drink sufficient amounts of water, do not exceed time limits, and heed warning signs immediately. Your safety depends on recognizing and not exceeding your personal limits. You can enjoy the benefits of sauna use and, at the same time, avoid health hazards effectively by following common-sense procedures.
Read the full article: Sauna Health Benefits: Science-Backed Guide
