What are the four fat-soluble vitamins?
Written by
Gina Mason
Reviewed by
Prof. Benjamin Murphy, Ph.D.Fat-soluble vitamins act differently from other nutrients. They dissolve in fats and are stored in body tissues. The storage means there are reserves, but there are special considerations for intake. Vitamins A, D, E, and K form this necessary group. Each one influences certain features of bodily function, from vision to bone health.
Vitamin A
- Maintains clear vision especially in low light conditions
- Strengthens immune defenses against infections
- Regulates skin and tissue growth processes
Vitamin D
- Enables calcium absorption for strong bones
- Modulates immune system responses
- Influences cell growth regulation
Vitamin E
- Protects cell membranes from oxidative damage
- Supports healthy blood vessel function
- Enhances immune cell activity
Vitamin K
- Activates proteins for proper blood clotting
- Enables calcium binding in bone tissue
- Prevents artery calcification
Your body utilizes certain mechanisms to absorb these vitamins. Eating fat releases bile in your small intestine. The vitamins enter the fatty droplets known as micelles for absorption. This needs to be processed through a well-functioning digestive system. Those needing help with their gallbladders often struggle to access the necessary support.
Balanced intake prevents deficiency and toxicity. Vitamin A deficiency often presents with night blindness as an early symptom. Excessive intake of vitamin A can lead to liver disease. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to soft bone diseases. Excessive vitamin D intake can lead to the formation of kidney stones. Food sources usually don't cause trouble as opposed to supplemental sources.
Special populations need special attention. Newborns get standard vitamin K injections. Elderly individuals typically need vitamin D supplementation. Pregnant women should be cautious about consuming excessive amounts of vitamin A. Those with digestive disorders certainly need practical advice. Experts should always consult with a healthcare professional before using new supplements.
Read the full article: Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Essential A, D, E, K Guide
