What preparation methods maximize plant benefits?
Written by
David Nelson
Reviewed by
Prof. Benjamin Murphy, Ph.D.The appropriate preparation releases the complete power of healing herbs. For example, the water-soluble constituents in chamomile respond to certain brewing methods. Alcohol-soluble compounds, such as the Alkamides in echinacea, require the use of a tincture. The volatile oils in peppermint may require special care when used topically. Each method explores a different group of phytochemicals to the greatest advantage.
Herbal Teas
- Use 1 teaspoon dried herb per 8 oz (237 ml) boiling water
- Steep 5-15 minutes depending on plant material density
- Delicate flowers like chamomile need 200°F (93°C) water
- Add lemon juice to increase polyphenol extraction efficiency
Tinctures
- Require minimum 40% alcohol (80 proof) for preservation
- Fresh plant ratio: 1:5, dried material: 1:10 in alcohol
- Shake daily during 4-6 week maceration period
- Store in amber glass away from light for 2-3 year shelf life
Topical Applications
- Dilute essential oils at 5% in carrier oils like jojoba
- Apply aloe gel at 1/8 inch (3 mm) thickness for burns
- Use herbal compresses soaked in infusion for 20 minutes
- Avoid application near eyes or mucous membranes
Temperature management greatly affects the preservation of compounds. Delicate terpenes found in mint begin to break down at 140ºF (60ºC). Tough roots, such as burdock, require boiling (100 °C) at 212°F for effective extraction of the compounds. Use thermometers for accuracy. Microwaving is inappropriate because it unevenly destroys certain sensitive phytochemicals.
Extraction times are different for different plant materials. Flowers such as chamomile will need to be steeped for a short five minutes. Roots with a greater density, such as valerian, will require a twenty-minute simmering. Tinctures require a six-week gradual extraction of their alkaloids. Let the evidence-discerned time be a habit for the individual species.
Synergistic combinations heighten the benefits. Piperine in black pepper enhances the absorption of turmeric. Adequate amounts of healthy fats are shown to positively affect the absorption of cannabinoids present in cannabis preparations, like oils and edibles. Vitamin C, found in tea made from nettle, for instance, can aid in iron absorption. Learning about companion compounds will contribute to more therapeutic effects.
Safety protocols minimize the potential of contamination. Refrigerate the teas or any other brews within 2 hours. Use sterile tincture bottles for tinctures. Before applying the topical product, test small areas of skin for potential reactions. Proper storage gives the longest shelf life and maintains potency.
Read the full article: 10 Essential Medicinal Plant Uses
