What physiological changes occur during stress?

Two systems in the body go into action whenever we are stressed. The first is the SAM axis. This system produces an instant response to danger by releasing adrenaline. The other system is the HPA axis, which produces cortisol. These systems evolved to protect us, but they create havoc whenever we are constantly switched on. Understanding this reaction in our bodies then helps us negotiate stress properly.

The SAM axis is responsible for your immediate fight-or-flight response. Within milliseconds, your amygdala detects a threat. It sends a message to the adrenal glands to flood your system with epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. You begin breathing rapidly, and your muscles tense up. All of these physiological changes prepare you to respond quickly to the perceived threat.

Regulated by the HPA axis, longer-term adaptation is facilitated. After the stress load begins, cortisol levels reach their peak about 15-30 minutes after activation. This hormone is most famous for maintaining energy supplies and for regulating inflammation. You stay alert for ongoing challenges. This should shut down when the threats are gone.

Experiencing ongoing activation of the stress system can create significant health challenges. Ongoing exposure to cortisol downregulates immune function. Ongoing muscle tension creates pain patterns. Ongoing digesting processes slow down. It is beneficial to see these physiological indicators so you can respond quickly.

Read the full article: Understanding Stress Physiology: Body Responses